STAGE 1 PRESSURE ULCER
Intact skin with non-blanchable redness of a localized area, usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from the surrounding area. The area differs in characteristics such as thickness and temperature compared to adjacent tissue. Stage 1 may be difficult to detect in individuals with dark skin tones. It may indicate “at risk” persons (a heralding sign of risk).
CHARACTERISTICS
Skin Appearance
The primary sign of a stage 1 pressure ulcer is a change in skin color. For individuals with lighter skin, the area may appear red and does not blanch (i.e., does not turn white) when pressed. For those with darker skin, the ulcer may appear blue or purple or take on a different hue than the surrounding skin.
Skin Temperature and Texture
The affected area may feel warmer or cooler compared to adjacent tissue. It might also feel firmer or softer than the surrounding skin.
Pain and Discomfort
The area can be painful or tender when touched. Patients often report discomfort in the affected area even before any visible signs appear.
Location
These ulcers typically occur over bony prominences, such as the heels, elbows, tailbone, or the back of the head.
Risk Factors
Factors contributing to the development of stage 1 pressure ulcers include immobility, poor nutrition, dehydration, and medical conditions that affect blood flow.
Prevention and Care
It's essential to regularly reposition individuals at risk to relieve pressure on vulnerable areas. Maintaining good skin hygiene and nutrition are also crucial preventive steps.
TREATMENT
Pressure Relief
Repositioning: Regularly changing the patient's position to relieve pressure on the affected area is crucial. For bedridden patients, repositioning every two hours is recommended. For those in a chair, repositioning should occur every hour.
Support Surfaces: Use specialized mattresses, mattress overlays, or cushions that distribute weight more evenly and reduce pressure on vulnerable areas.
Skin Care
Maintaining Skin Integrity: Keep the skin clean and dry. Use gentle cleansers and avoid hot water and harsh soaps that can dry out the skin.
Moisturizing: Apply moisturizers to prevent dryness and cracking of the skin around the ulcer.
Nutritional Support
Adequate nutrition and hydration are vital for skin health and healing. Ensure a balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins (especially vitamins C and A), and minerals (like zinc).
Monitoring and Assessment
Regularly assess the skin for any signs of deterioration or improvement. Adjust treatment plans based on these assessments.
Education and Training
Educate patients and caregivers about pressure ulcer prevention and management, including proper positioning, mobility, and skin care.
Addressing Underlying Conditions
Treat any underlying conditions that may contribute to skin vulnerability, such as diabetes or vascular disease.
Avoiding Further Trauma or Friction
Be cautious when moving or handling the patient to prevent additional skin damage.
Consultation with Specialists
In some cases, consultation with a wound care specialist, dermatologist, or dietician may be beneficial for specialized care.
SELECT TREATMENT OPTION AND ORDER SUPPLIES
Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer
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